Space used by programmes

[SteveRiley]

A list of man pages and what they do: apropos man

And if one forgets that command, its inverse will remind you: man apropos

[anonprivate]

Some are Bash commands, but many are just program names followed by arguments for the programs. In this thread, there has been no Bash. For example:

apt show bleachbit

apt is a program name while show and bleachbit are arguments for that program which tell it what to do. In this case, show gives package information for the package bleachbit.

Thank you

A good and clear explanation

[anonprivate]

A list of man pages and what they do: apropos man

Example of apropos apt

$ apropos apt
add-apt-key (8)      - Command line tool to add GPG keys to the APT keyring
add-apt-repository (1) - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
airodump-ng (8)      - a wireless packet capture tool for aircrack-ng
apt (8)              - command-line interface
apt-add-repository (1) - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
apt-cache (8)        - query the APT cache
apt-cdrom (8)        - APT CD-ROM management utility
apt-config (8)       - APT Configuration Query program
apt-extracttemplates (1) - Utility to extract debconf config and templates from Debian packages
apt-ftparchive (1)   - Utility to generate index files
apt-get (8)          - APT package handling utility - - command-line interface
apt-key (8)          - APT key management utility
apt-mark (8)         - mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
apt-rdepends (1)     - performs recursive dependency listings similar to apt-cache
apt-secure (8)       - Archive authentication support for APT
apt-show-source (1)  - Lists source-packages.
apt-show-versions (1p) - Lists available package versions with distribution
apt-sortpkgs (1)     - Utility to sort package index files
apt.conf (5)         - Configuration file for APT
apt_preferences (5)  - Preference control file for APT
aptd (1)             - package managing daemon proving a D-Bus interface
aptdcon (1)          - command line client for aptdaemon
aptitude (8)         - high-level interface to the package manager
aptitude-create-state-bundle (1) - bundle the current aptitude state
aptitude-curses (8)  - high-level interface to the package manager
aptitude-run-state-bundle (1) - unpack an aptitude state bundle and invoke aptitude on it
AptPkg (3pm)         - interface to libapt-pkg
AptPkg::Cache (3pm)  - APT package cache interface
AptPkg::Config (3pm) - APT configuration interface
AptPkg::hash (3pm)   - a helper class for implementing tied hashes
AptPkg::PkgRecords (3pm) - APT package description class
AptPkg::Policy (3pm) - APT package version policy class
AptPkg::Source (3pm) - APT source package interface
AptPkg::System (3pm) - APT system abstraction class
AptPkg::Version (3pm) - APT package versioning class
apturl (8)           - graphical apt-protocol interpreting package installer
apturl-kde (8)       - graphical apt-protocol interpreting package installer
axi-cache (1)        - query the Apt Xapian Index
captoinfo (1)        - convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
debconf-apt-progress (1) - install packages using debconf to display a progress bar
dvdxchap (1)         - Extract chapter information from DVDs
dvgrab (1)           - Capture DV or MPEG-2 Transport Stream (HDV) video and audio data from FireWire
Image::ExifTool::CaptureOne (3pm) - Read Capture One EIP and COS files
Image::ExifTool::NikonCapture (3pm) - Read/write Nikon Capture information
import (1)           - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire ...
import.im6 (1)       - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire ...
kazam (1)            - Screen recording and capturing program.
laptop-detect (8)    - attempt to detect a laptop
lmdb_table (5)       - Postfix LMDB adapter
Net::DNS::RR::NAPTR (3pm) - DNS NAPTR resource record
org.debian.apt (7)   - the main interface of aptdaemon
org.debian.apt.transaction (7) - the main interface of an aptdaemon transaction
sane-scsi (5)        - SCSI adapter tips for scanners
sources.list (5)     - List of configured APT data sources
synaptic (8)         - graphical management of software packages
synaptics (4)        - touchpad input driver
synclient (1)        - commandline utility to query and modify Synaptics driver options.
toshset (1)          - manipulate bios and hardware settings of Toshiba laptops
update-apt-xapian-index (8) - rebuild the Apt Xapian Index
XkbApplyCompatMapToKey (3) - Apply the new compatibility mapping to an individual key to get its semantics updated
XkbSAPtrDfltValue (3) - Returns the valueXXX field of act converted to a signed int
xvinfo (1)           - Print out X-Video extension adaptor information

Then use the man on any item in the list...

EDIT: I forgot my old favorite, before KDE appeared.
xman
which, ignoring the font warning, shows a small bash gui. On it is "Show Manual". When that GUI pops open it has two parts. The top part lists the commands. Click on a command and its man page shows in the bottom part. The xman gui has two menu options which show several other options.

Thank you

I had not heard of xman

My gui has four buttons help, quit and Manual Page

A good resource

[SteveRiley]

The KDE help system can also read man pages. You can press Alt+F2 and type khelpcenter man:command, where command is whatever you want to learn about.

A useful approach is to create a Bash alias to the help center. Now you can easily open man pages at the command line into separate windows, which avoids interrupting your workflow at the command prompt.

[anonprivate]

Yes, that works.

I have help listed in my favourites.

If I click of this function, I can activate the same system.

[oshunluvr]

Back to the OP; I found this interesting command on an Ubuntu blog:

dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Package;-50}\t${Installed-Size}\n' | sort -k 2 -n | grep -v deinstall | awk '{printf "%.3f MB \t %s\n", $2/(1024), $1}'

Which will list all installed packages and the space they consume. The real issue is dependencies. Rarely does a package live alone. You'd have to add all packages together to get the real total, and even then you would often be wrong because many packages are used by more than one program.

BTW, to list say - only the 20 largest packages - add this to the above command:

| tail -n 20

[anonprivate]

Back to the OP; I found this interesting command on an Ubuntu blog:

dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Package;-50}\t${Installed-Size}\n' | sort -k 2 -n | grep -v deinstall | awk '{printf "%.3f MB \t %s\n", $2/(1024), $1}'

Goodness gracious.

That's one for an alias or two - or more

[oshunluvr]

Goodness gracious.

That's one for an alias or two - or more

Good idea! Alias it to "space" then you could do

space | grep <somepackagename>

nice.

[anonprivate]

Good idea! Alias it to "space" then you could do

space | grep <somepackagename>

nice.

I can confirm that the command works as described.

When running the command, I noticed what I believe the be repetitions (probably updates). Are these repetitions necessary?

I give an example:

2.434 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-35-generic
12.436 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-36-generic
12.441 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-37-generic

30.980 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
31.022 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-35-generic
31.027 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-36-generic
31.044 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-37-generic

60.350 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-34
60.354 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-36
60.371 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-35
60.373 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-37

108.079 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-34-generic
108.112 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-35-generic
108.150 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-36-generic
108.174 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-37-generic
108.285 MB       linux-image-3.2.0-58-generic-pae
108.592 MB       linux-image-3.2.0-67-generic-pae

Best wishes.

A

[Snowhog]

Not repititions as you put it. Each installed kernel has three parts: headers, image, and image-extra. Your output shows that you have kernels 3.13.0.34 through 3.13.0.37 installed.

[kubicle]

Are these repetitions necessary?

If you do not have a specific need for older kernels (and the newest versions boots and works fine), you can safely remove/purge older versions (although it is usually a good idea to keep at least two kernels installed so you have a failsafe to boot to if you run into unexpected issues with the latest one)

You can remove the older packages manually, or you can run:
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
to remove unneeded packages including redundant kernel packages (kernel autoremoval should keep at least two kernel versions installed, the actual number of kept kernel versions depends on a few variables...like which kernel you are currently running)

another useful command to find orphaned packages is deborphan (in the package 'deborphan')

[anonprivate]

If you do not have a specific need for older kernels (and the newest versions boots and works fine), you can safely remove/purge older versions (although it is usually a good idea to keep at least two kernels installed so you have a failsafe to boot to if you run into unexpected issues with the latest one)

You can remove the older packages manually, or you can run:
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
to remove unneeded packages including redundant kernel packages (kernel autoremoval should keep at least two kernel versions installed, the actual number of kept kernel versions depends on a few variables...like which kernel you are currently running)

another useful command to find orphaned packages is deborphan (in the package 'deborphan')

Thank you for responding.

Useful information, as always.

I have plenty of disk space, so I will keep the older kernels.

I believe that I am running Bash

Out of interest, I tried the man pages: purge, autoremove, deborphan

There appears to be no entries (konsole, not elevated).

I have discovered that I do not have deborphan installed.

Again, out of interest, If I decided to manually remove, say, version 34 would I delete all of the following.

andrew@andrew-Dell-DM061:~$ locate linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic

/home/andrew/.local/share/Trash/files/usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
/usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
/usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic/copyright
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.md5sums
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.postinst
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.preinst
/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.prerm

Best wishes.

A

[kubicle]

Out of interest, I tried the man pages: purge, autoremove, deborphan

"--purge" is an option for apt-get (meaning also remove config files when uninstalling package)
"autoremove" is a command for apt-get (meaning remove packages that were installed as dependencies but are no longer needed)
both of these are explained in 'man apt-get'
deborphan has to be installed for it's man page to be available

Again, out of interest, If I decided to manually remove, say, version 34 would I delete all of the following.

No, don't delete files that were installed by a package, I meant manually removing redundant packages, as in 'sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic' (of course, autoremoval is usually easier and quicker)

[anonprivate]

OK

Out of interest

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

I have read the man page.

Purge is an option and autoremove a command.

I get a little confused between options and commands and the use of, or not, --

Purge sounds like a command

[kubicle]

OK

Out of interest

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

I have read the man page.

Purge is an option and autoremove a command.

I get a little confused between options and commands and the use of, or not, --

Purge sounds like a command

In short, apt-get requires one command that basically tells apt-get what to do, these are listed in the DESCRIPTION section of the man page.
Then you can tweak the behavior of the command by defining additional options, these are listed in the OPTIONS section of the man page and are prefixed with either -- or - (depending on whether you use long or short options).

Of course it might be confusing that purge can be used either as a command or an option, "sudo apt-get purge <packagename>" (purge used as a command) is the same as "sudo apt-get --purge remove <packagename>" (remove as the command, --purge as an option).

The command autoremove does not purge packages by default, hence the need for the --purge option when using it if you want to completely remove the packages.